Urinary Tract Infection : Definition, Classification, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms

Urinary Tract Infection : Definition, Classification, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms

Urinary Tract Infections  

Definition

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a state of the invasion of microorganisms in the urinary tract. (Agus Tessy, 2001)

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of the state of the urinary tract. (Enggram, Barbara, 1998)


Classification

Classification of urinary tract infections as follows:

1. Bladder (cystitis)
2. Urethra (urethritis)
3. Prostate (prostatitis)
4. Kidneys (pyelonephritis)

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the elderly, can be divided into :

1 . Uncomplicated (simple)
Simple UTI that occurs in patients with urinary tract is not good, normal anatomic and functional. This UTI in elderly patients, especially regarding women and the infection just about superficial bladder mucosa.

2 . Complicated
Often cause a lot of problems because they are often difficult to eradicate germs, germs are often resistant to multiple kinds of antibiotics, frequent bacteremia, sepsis and shock. The UTI occurs when the circumstances are as follows :

• Abnormal urinary tract abnormalities, such as stone, reflex vesico urethral obstruction, bladder atony, paraplegia, permanent bladder catheter and prostatitis.
• Abnormalities of renal physiology : renal failure acute and chronic renal failure.
• Immune disorders
• Infections caused by virulent organisms such as prosteus spp, which produce urease.

Etiology

1. The types of microorganisms that cause UTI, among others:

• Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella: the cause of complicated UTI.
• Escherichia Coli : 90% cause of uncomplicated UTI (simple).
• Enterobacter, epidemidis staphylococci, enterococci, and-others.

2. The prevalence of UTI in the elderly, among others:

• Residual urine in the bladder is increased due to the bladder emptying less effective.
• Decreased mobility.
• Nutrition is often poor.
• Decreased immune system, either cellular or humoral.
• Barriers to the flow of urine.
• Loss of bactericidal effect of prostate secretions.

Signs and Symptoms

1. Signs and symptoms of lower UTI are:

• Frequent pain and a burning sensation when urinating.
• Spasame the bladder and suprapubic area.
• Hematuria.
• Back pain can occur.

2. Signs and symptoms of upper UTI are:

• Fever.
• Chills.
• Pelvic pain and waist.
• Pain when urinating.
• Malaise.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea and vomiting.

Urinary Retention related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Nursing Care Plan for Urinary Tract Infection

Nanda for Urinary Tract Infection

Altered Urinary Elimination - NCP Urinary Tract Infections

Altered Urinary Elimination - NCP Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections  

Nursing Care Plan for Urinary Tract Infections

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
Symptoms from a lower urinary tract include painful urination and either frequent urination or urge to urinate (or both), while those of pyelonephritis include fever and flank pain in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI.

Nursing Diagnosis : Altered Urinary Elimination related to mechanical obstruction of the bladder or other urinary tract structures.

Outcomes:
Improved elimination pattern , not the signs urinary disorders : urgency , oliguric , dysuria

Intervention:

1. Monitor input and output and urine characteristics.
Rational: provides information about kidney function and presence of complications.

2. Encourage increased fluid intake.
Rationale: increased hydration washes the bacteria.

3. Assess complaints of the urinary bladder.
Rational: urinary retention may occur causing tissue distension (bladder / kidney).

4. Observation of changes in the level of consciousness.
Rational: accumulation of uremic and electrolyte imbalances can be toxic to the central nervous system.

5. Monitor laboratory tests; electrolytes, BUN, creatinine.
Rational: monitoring of renal dysfunction.

6. Take action to maintain acidic urine: input increase berry juice and give medications to increase uric acid.
Rational: uric acid deter the growth of bacteria. Increased input preformance juice can affect the treatment of urinary tract infections.