Nursing Care Plan for Cushing's Syndrome

Nursing Care Plan for Cushing's Syndrome

Nursing Care Plan for Cushing's Syndrome  

Definition of Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by hyperadrenocorticism, is more often found in women, due to neoplasms in the adrenal cortex / anterior pituitary, or a result of long-term intake of glucocorticoids for therapeutic interest (Dorland).

Etiology of Cushing's syndrome

• Excessive activity of the adrenal cortex
• Corticosteroids / ACTH excess
• Adrenal cortex hyperplasia.

Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome

Most people with Cushing syndrome will have:

• Upper body obesity (above the waist) and thin arms and legs
• Round, red, full face (moon face)
• Slow growth rate in children

Skin changes that are often seen:

• Acne or skin infections
• Purple marks (1/2 inch or more wide) called striae on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, and breasts
• Thin skin with easy bruising

Muscle and bone changes include:

• Backache, which occurs with routine activities
• Bone pain or tenderness
• Collection of fat between the shoulders (buffalo hump)
• Rib and spine fractures (caused by thinning of the bones)
• Weak muscles

Women with Cushing syndrome often have:

• Excess hair growth on the face, neck, chest, abdomen, and thighs
• Menstrual cycle that becomes irregular or stops

Men may have:

• Decreased or no desire for sex
• Impotence

Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:

• Mental changes, such as depression, anxiety, or changes in behavior
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Increased thirst and urination

Management of Cushing's Syndrome

As more Cushing's Syndrome is caused by a pituitary tumor than adrenal tumor, the treatment is often directed at the pituitary gland.

1. Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, surgical removal of the tumor.
2. Radiation pituitary gland, takes several months to control the symptoms.
3. Adrenalectomy, the treatment of choice for patients with primary adrenal hypertrophy.
4. Baffle adrenal enzyme preparations (ie, metyrapon, aminoglutethimide, mitotane, ketoconazole) to reduce hiperadrenalisme if due to ectopic ACTH secretion.

Nursing Care Plan for Cushing's Syndrome

Nursing Diagnosis for Cushing's Syndrome

1. Risk for injury and Risk for infection related to weakness and changes in protein metabolism and inflammatory response.
2. Self-care Deficit: weakness, feeling of tiredness, muscle atrophy and changes in sleep patterns.
3. Impaired skin integrity related to edema, impaired healing and the skin is thin and fragile.
4. Disturbed Body Image related to changes in physical appearance, sexual dysfunction and decreased activity levels.
5. Disturbed Thought Processes related to fluctuations in emotions, irritability and depression.

Tips to Lowering Blood Sugar in Diabetes

Tips to Lowering Blood Sugar in Diabetes

Hypertension  

Lowering Blood Sugar in Diabetes Mellitus is very difficult to do, the key appropriate diet is often overlooked so that blood sugar levels continue to rise. In normal people, blood sugar levels can be reabsorbed by the cells to be processed into energy as a source of human motion. Whereas in diabetic patients, a simple sugar remains in the blood stream and cause blood sugar levels to rise. Therefore, for patients with diabetes need to add fibrous foods in the daily diet.

Reduce Excess Fat

Excess fat will affect the sensitivity of cells to insulin substances in the body, which then disrupt the function of insulin to absorb blood sugar. This will result in a rise in blood sugar levels drastically. Reduce excess fat to lower blood sugar is best, of course with regular exercise. Burn fat also aims to maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, please note.

Herbs for Diabetes Patients

Herbs are believed to reduce blood sugar levels naturally very much. The type of these plants include; bitter melon, turmeric, ceremai, bitter, mango leaves, gotu kola, ginseng, red betel leaf. That need to be considered in the use of herbs to lower blood sugar levels, is about the possibility of hypoglycemia. The use of herbal plants is certainly for a while, and not good if consumed continuously. To keep the best blood sugar levels naturally by adjusting the diet.

How to cultivate food for people with diabetes

Processing of food consumed will affect how patients with diabetes keep blood sugar levels. For example, to cook the rice to be consumed by people with diabetes is to use a regular pan is heated on the stove, not the engine or electric rice cooker appliance. It aims to keep the unraveling of complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates, and trigger a rise in blood sugar levels.

Cooking vegetables for diabetics, should not be too long. It is intended that the content of complex carbohydrates and nutrients in vegetables are not damaged. Diabetes sufferers, should also reduce fried foods. As a substitute, you can stir frying, grilling or using a vacuum frying techniques with particular cookware.

7 Ways to Take Care of Elderly Affected Hypertension

7 Ways to Take Care of Elderly Affected Hypertension

Hypertension  

Hypertension is a condition where a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal indicated by the systolic number (top) and the bottom number (diastolic) blood pressure on examination using a blood pressure measuring device either in the form of mercury cuff (sphygmomanometer) or other digital devices .

The normal value of a person's blood pressure with height, weight, activity level and general health normal is 120/80 mmHg. In daily activities, normal blood pressure is stable with a numeric value range. But in general, the numbers decreased blood pressure during sleep and increased time when activity or exercise.

Here are some important things to consider in caring for elderly people who have hypertension:

1. Elderly affected by hypertension, decreased organ function, including the sense of taste. Usually the elderly will likely feel less salt or food was bland, although according to the usual size, salinity was fitting. Because of this, you need to do is to add sugar or spices cooking on food, but it is recommended not to use because of the flavor flavoring has a high salt content. In addition, if you want to buy food such as snacks and fast food, consider the salt content listed on the packaging.

2. Reduce foods containing sodium to less than 100 mmol / day (less than 6 g of sodium chloride, or less than 2.4 g of sodium per day).

3. Help the elderly to reduce weight up to a healthy weight and eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

4. Help the elderly to limit consumption of caffeine and alcohol.

5. Accompany the elderly to light exercise such as walking, tai-chi, gymnastics heart that can be done 3-5 times / week for 30-45 minutes. However, avoid the habit of standing in a long time and perform strenuous activities, such as going up - and down the stairs.

6. Remind elderly, to change positions slowly. For example, when Elderly want to stand up from a lying position, preferably in advance Elderly sitting for about 5 minutes. If it does not feel dizzy, then stand slowly.

7. Help the elderly to measure blood pressure to elderly health worker, clinic or other health facility.

Home Health Care for The Elderly

Home Health Care for The Elderly

Home Health Care for The Elderly  

Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and stroke often complained about by parents in the elderly stage.

Older people with age above 50 years old are very susceptible to diseases, which include: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and Osteoporosis. Therefore, for early prevention, you should always remind parents to avoid foods that are hard, dense, and too salty, sour or sweet.

Diet for the Elderly

Then you also have to adjust their diet. Reducing the share of food in the elderly needs to be done, because the energy needs of the parents dropped so drastically. In order not to affect the stamina and health of the elderly, you can make gradual reduction in size of the meal. You should also begin to provide food that is rather soft, easily digested by the stomach.

Right Food for the Elderly

In addition to adjusting the diet, other things that are needed to maintain the health of the elderly is that calcium can be obtained from drinking milk. Calcium is a substance used to strengthen bones, prevent body bent and reduce osteoporosis. so drinking milk on a regular basis, is highly recommended for the elderly.

Other substances are also very important for the elderly is Omega 3. Substances that are very useful for the body, can be obtained from fish, vegetables, fruit and fish oil, with the aim to prevent the occurrence of symptoms of stroke in elderly parents.

Right Sport for the Elderly

In addition to providing nutritious food intake for the elderly and maintaining the proper diet, you also have to set a routine exercise for the elderly. Indeed sporting activities undertaken not as heavy as you are still young. However, for the elderly walking is the simplest activity and relatively safe. Walking activity can train the heart muscle strength, leg and maintain smooth breathing for the elderly.

Conclusion:

• Metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke and osteoporosis often complained of by the elderly,
• To keep Health Care, can be done with lifestyle and healthy eating, as well as light exercise on a regular basis.